आ प अनुमान लगा सकते हैं कि 'तमिल भाषा बाधा एवं असभ्य है, तमिल विद्वान- कवि समाजविरोधी हैं' और 'तिरुक्कुरल (प्राचीन तमिल मुक्तक काव्य रचना) सोने की थाली में मानव मलमूत्र है।' जैसी बात किसने कही होगी? हर कोई इस नाम से परिचित है। उनका जन्म तमिलनाडु में हुआ, परंतु उन्होंने स्वयं को कन्नड़ कहना उचित समझा। यह थे द्रविड़ आंदोलन के प्रणेता और तमिलनाडु में सत्तारुढ़ द्रविड़ मुनेत्र कड़गम (द्रमुक) के प्रेरणासस्रोत ईवी रामास्वामी (ईवीआर) नायकर, जिन्हें 'पेरियार' भी कहा जाता है। यक्ष प्रश्न है कि ईवीआर ने तमिल भाषा, साहित्य और संस्कृति का अपमान क्यों किया और क्यों द्रमुक उन्हें संत तुल्य बताती है? इस प्रश्न के उत्तर में तमिल राजनीति में अब तक दबाया गया वह सच छिपा है, जिसमें ईवीआर ने तमिल समाज, संस्कृति और भाषा को इसलिए लांछित किया, क्योंकि वह सनातन धर्म का आत्मा है।
तमिलनाडु में वर्तमान सनातन धर्म विरोधी उपक्रम लगभग एक शताब्दी पुरानी ब्राह्मण-विरोधी राजनीति केअनुरूप है
स्वामीनाथन गुरुमूर्ति
अम्बेडकर और पेरियार <> सकारात्मक कार्रवाई नीति
(Affirmative action policy)
अम्बेडकर ने कभी-कभी अपने विचारों और कार्यों में जातिवादी और पितृसत्तात्मक भाषा का इस्तेमाल किया। पेरियार ने कभी-कभी हिंसक और उग्रवादी भाषा का इस्तेमाल किया।
हालांकि, यह भी सच है कि उनके विचारों का भारतीय समाज पर सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक दोनों प्रभाव पड़ा है।
सकारात्मक प्रभाव
अम्बेडकर और पेरियार ने भारत में जाति व्यवस्था के खिलाफ लड़ाई लड़ी। उन्होंने दलितों और अन्य वंचित समुदायों को समानता और अधिकारों के लिए आवाज उठाने में मदद की।
अम्बेडकर ने भारत के संविधान के निर्माण में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। उन्होंने अनुच्छेद 14, 15, और 16 में समानता के अधिकार को शामिल करने में मदद की, जो भारत में जातिवाद और भेदभाव के खिलाफ कानूनी सुरक्षा प्रदान करते हैं।
पेरियार ने तमिलनाडु में जाति व्यवस्था के खिलाफ सामाजिक आंदोलन शुरू किया। उन्होंने विधवा विवाह, महिला शिक्षा, और महिलाओं के अधिकारों के लिए भी काम किया।
नकारात्मक प्रभाव
अम्बेडकर की जातिवादी और पितृसत्तात्मक भाषा ने दलितों और अन्य वंचित समुदायों के बीच असंतोष और विभाजन को बढ़ावा दिया।
पेरियार की हिंसक और उग्रवादी भाषा ने जाति व्यवस्था के खिलाफ लड़ाई में कट्टरपंथी रुख को बढ़ावा दिया।
कुल मिलाकर, अम्बेडकर और पेरियार के विचारों ने भारतीय समाज को गहराई से प्रभावित किया है। उनके विचारों ने जाति व्यवस्था के खिलाफ लड़ाई में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है, लेकिन उन्होंने कुछ नकारात्मक प्रभाव भी डाले हैं।
यह महत्वपूर्ण है कि हम उनके विचारों की सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक दोनों पहलुओं को समझें। हम उनके विचारों से सीख सकते हैं और उन्हें एक अधिक न्यायपूर्ण और समान समाज बनाने के लिए इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं।
B.R. Ambedkar and E.V. Ramasamy, popularly known as Periyar, were two prominent social and political reformers in India who played significant roles in advocating for the rights and welfare of marginalized communities, particularly the Dalits (formerly known as untouchables) and women. While they both focused on social justice and equality, they had different approaches and ideologies. Here are their contributions and criticisms:
B.R. Ambedkar:
Contributions:
1. Architect of the Indian Constitution: B.R. Ambedkar played a pivotal role in drafting the Indian Constitution and is widely regarded as the chief architect of the document. He worked tirelessly to ensure that the principles of equality, justice, and fundamental rights were enshrined in the constitution, providing a strong foundation for a democratic and inclusive India.
2. Dalit Empowerment: Ambedkar dedicated his life to the upliftment of Dalits and fought against caste-based discrimination. He advocated for the abolition of untouchability and worked to secure legal rights and social reforms for Dalits. Ambedkar's efforts led to the inclusion of reservations (affirmative action) for Dalits in education, employment, and politics.
3. Women's Rights: Ambedkar was also a staunch advocate for women's rights and gender equality. He actively supported women's education, fought against child marriage and dowry, and campaigned for the rights of widows. Ambedkar played a crucial role in the inclusion of provisions in the Indian Constitution to safeguard women's rights.
Criticisms:
1. Conversion to Buddhism: One of the criticisms of Ambedkar was his decision to convert to Buddhism along with a large number of his followers. Some critics argued that this move undermined his contribution to the broader social and political struggles in India, as it was seen as a departure from the national mainstream.
2. Political Opposition: Ambedkar faced significant opposition from certain sections of society and political groups who were resistant to his ideas of social reform and equality. He was often criticized by conservative groups who felt threatened by his advocacy for marginalized communities and his efforts to challenge traditional social hierarchies.
E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar):
Contributions:
1. Dravidian Movement: Periyar was the founder of the Dravidar Kazhagam, a social and political movement in South India that aimed to fight against social inequality, Brahminical dominance, and the imposition of Hindi and Sanskrit in Tamil Nadu. He emphasized the need for self-respect, rational thinking, and social justice.
2. Self-Respect Movement: Periyar launched the Self-Respect Movement, which sought to eradicate the caste system, promote gender equality, and challenge social norms and superstitions. He encouraged people to question and reject oppressive traditions and rituals that perpetuated inequalities.
3. Women's Rights: Periyar was a staunch advocate for gender equality and women's rights. He fought against child marriage, advocated for women's education, and called for the abolition of dowry and gender-based discrimination. Periyar played a significant role in empowering women and challenging patriarchal norms in society.
Criticisms:
1. Anti-Brahminism: Periyar's strong opposition to Brahminical dominance and his criticism of Brahmins as a social group led to accusations of promoting anti-Brahmin sentiments and inciting caste-based hatred. Critics argue that his rhetoric sometimes oversimplified complex social issues and contributed to further divisions among communities.
2. Controversial Statements: Periyar's speeches and writings occasionally contained controversial statements that were perceived as offensive or disrespectful by certain groups. His provocative language and use of symbolism, such as the breaking of idols, drew criticism from conservative sections of society.
It's important to note that while both Ambedkar and Periyar had their share of criticisms, their contributions to social reform and their efforts to uplift marginalized communities remain highly significant and continue to inspire movements for social justice in India.
Periyar's Self-Respect Movement aimed to challenge oppressive traditions and rituals by encouraging people to question and reject them. Here are some ways in which the movement sought to challenge these practices:
1. Criticism of Brahminical Dominance: Periyar strongly criticized the Brahminical social order, which he believed perpetuated inequalities and discrimination. He argued that Brahmins held a dominant position in society and used religion and rituals to maintain their power. By openly challenging and questioning Brahminical authority, Periyar sought to disrupt the traditional hierarchy and promote social equality.
2. Opposition to Caste System: Periyar vehemently opposed the caste system, which he viewed as a deeply oppressive social structure. He advocated for the eradication of caste-based distinctions and called for the unity of all non-Brahmin communities. Through his speeches and writings, he exposed the injustices perpetuated by the caste system and encouraged people to reject caste-based discrimination and prejudices.
3. Rejection of Superstitions and Rituals: Periyar encouraged rational thinking and criticized the superstitious beliefs and rituals that he considered regressive and oppressive. He argued that blind adherence to religious practices and rituals without questioning their rationale only served to perpetuate social inequalities. Periyar urged people to adopt a scientific and logical outlook and to reject practices that were not based on reason.
4. Emphasis on Self-Respect and Individual Freedom: The Self-Respect Movement sought to instill a sense of self-worth and dignity among marginalized communities, particularly non-Brahmins and women. Periyar believed that individuals should have the freedom to think for themselves, question oppressive norms, and assert their rights. The movement aimed to empower individuals to resist societal pressures and discriminatory practices.
5. Promotion of Gender Equality: Periyar placed a strong emphasis on gender equality and challenged patriarchal norms and practices. He advocated for women's education, fought against child marriage, and called for the abolition of dowry. Periyar believed that women should have equal rights and opportunities in society, and he actively worked towards dismantling oppressive gender roles.
Through these actions, Periyar's Self-Respect Movement aimed to create awareness, foster critical thinking, and empower individuals to challenge oppressive traditions and rituals that perpetuated social inequalities and discrimination. It played a significant role in shaping the social and political landscape of Tamil Nadu and inspiring movements for social justice in the region.
Periyar's Self-Respect Movement made significant contributions to the empowerment of marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu through various means. Here are some ways in which the movement played a role in empowering these communities:
1. Education and Awareness: The Self-Respect Movement emphasized the importance of education and actively worked to promote education among marginalized communities, including Dalits and non-Brahmins. Periyar believed that education was crucial for empowering individuals and enabling them to question oppressive norms. The movement established educational institutions and organized campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of education, particularly among marginalized sections of society.
2. Assertion of Self-Respect: The movement encouraged individuals from marginalized communities to develop a sense of self-respect and dignity. Periyar believed that self-respect was key to challenging oppressive structures and pursuing social equality. By instilling a sense of self-worth, the movement empowered individuals to resist societal discrimination and demand equal rights and opportunities.
3. Political Representation: The Self-Respect Movement played a crucial role in mobilizing marginalized communities politically. It advocated for increased political representation for non-Brahmins and Dalits, who had historically been underrepresented in political spheres. The movement campaigned for the rights of these communities and encouraged their active participation in politics, leading to the emergence of political leaders from marginalized backgrounds.
4. Social Reforms: Periyar's movement actively worked towards social reforms that aimed to dismantle oppressive practices. It challenged caste-based discrimination, advocated for inter-caste marriages, and fought against regressive customs such as child marriage and dowry. By questioning and rejecting such practices, the movement contributed to the empowerment of marginalized communities, particularly women.
5. Language and Cultural Assertion: The Self-Respect Movement emphasized the importance of regional identity and the use of the Tamil language. Periyar advocated for the promotion of Tamil culture, literature, and language as a means of asserting the identity and heritage of Tamil-speaking communities. This cultural assertion played a role in fostering a sense of pride and empowerment among marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu.
Overall, the Self-Respect Movement under Periyar's leadership played a significant role in empowering marginalized communities in Tamil Nadu. Through education, awareness, political mobilization, social reforms, and cultural assertion, the movement sought to challenge oppressive structures, uplift the marginalized, and promote equality and social justice. Its influence continues to be felt in Tamil Nadu's social, political, and cultural landscape.
The Self-Respect Movement led by Periyar made notable contributions to the empowerment of women in Tamil Nadu. Here are some ways in which the movement played a role in empowering women:
1. Women's Education: The Self-Respect Movement emphasized the importance of education for women and actively worked to promote women's access to education. Periyar believed that education was crucial for women's empowerment and challenged the prevailing norms that restricted women's education. The movement established educational institutions for girls and organized campaigns to encourage parents to educate their daughters.
2. Opposition to Child Marriage: Periyar and the Self-Respect Movement staunchly opposed child marriage, which was prevalent in Tamil Nadu at the time. They highlighted the negative consequences of early marriage on women's well-being and worked towards raising awareness about the importance of delaying marriage and ensuring girls' education. Their efforts contributed to a decline in child marriage rates and promoted the rights of young girls.
3. Abolition of Dowry: The Self-Respect Movement campaigned for the abolition of dowry, a practice that placed a heavy financial burden on women's families and perpetuated gender-based inequalities. Periyar and his followers actively spoke out against dowry and advocated for social change to eliminate this harmful tradition. Their efforts played a role in raising awareness about the negative impacts of dowry and challenging societal norms surrounding it.
4. Gender Equality and Women's Rights: Periyar was a staunch advocate for gender equality and challenged patriarchal norms and practices. He emphasized that women should have equal rights and opportunities in society. The Self-Respect Movement actively worked towards creating awareness about women's rights, fighting against gender-based discrimination, and promoting women's participation in public life. It encouraged women to assert their rights and challenge oppressive traditions and customs.
5. Women's Participation in the Movement: The Self-Respect Movement actively engaged women in its activities and encouraged their participation. Women played crucial roles as leaders, organizers, and activists within the movement. Their involvement empowered them, providing them with a platform to voice their concerns, express their aspirations, and actively contribute to social and political change.
Through these efforts, the Self-Respect Movement contributed to the empowerment of women in Tamil Nadu by promoting their education, challenging harmful practices, advocating for their rights, and providing them with opportunities for leadership and participation. The movement played a significant role in shaping the social landscape of the state and inspiring subsequent movements for women's empowerment in the region.
The Self-Respect Movement faced opposition and challenges in their efforts to empower women. Here are some of the opposition they encountered:
1. Conservative Societal Attitudes: The Self-Respect Movement faced resistance from conservative sections of society that upheld traditional gender roles and norms. Many people were resistant to the idea of challenging patriarchal traditions and granting more rights and opportunities to women. The movement's advocacy for women's empowerment and gender equality often clashed with deeply ingrained societal attitudes, making it challenging to bring about widespread change.
2. Criticism from Traditionalists: The movement's progressive stance on issues such as women's education, opposition to child marriage, and abolition of dowry faced criticism from traditionalists who saw these changes as a threat to established social norms and practices. They often viewed the movement's efforts as a departure from tradition and resisted any attempts to challenge or change existing customs.
3. Opposition from Patriarchal Institutions: Patriarchal institutions, such as conservative religious and caste-based organizations, often opposed the Self-Respect Movement's initiatives for women's empowerment. These institutions held significant social and cultural influence and sought to maintain the status quo, which included the subjugation of women. Their opposition posed challenges to the movement's progress.
4. Backlash and Vilification: The leaders and activists of the Self-Respect Movement, including Periyar, faced backlash and vilification for their advocacy of women's rights. They were often subjected to personal attacks, character assassination, and attempts to discredit their work. Such opposition aimed to undermine the movement's credibility and hinder its efforts to empower women.
5. Lack of Support from Mainstream Political Parties: The mainstream political parties at the time did not readily support the Self-Respect Movement's agenda for women's empowerment. These parties were often hesitant to openly endorse or implement progressive policies related to women's rights, fearing political repercussions or alienation of traditional voter bases. This lack of support made it more challenging for the movement to achieve its goals.
Despite these challenges, the Self-Respect Movement persisted in its efforts to empower women and challenge oppressive norms. Their advocacy and work laid the foundation for subsequent movements and social changes that have furthered the cause of women's empowerment in Tamil Nadu.
Yes, the Self-Respect Movement achieved several significant milestones in their fight for women's empowerment. Some of these milestones include:
1. Women's Education: The movement's emphasis on women's education had a significant impact. It led to increased awareness about the importance of educating girls and resulted in more opportunities for women to pursue formal education. The establishment of educational institutions by the movement helped in breaking barriers and providing access to education for women, empowering them with knowledge and skills.
2. Social Reforms: The Self-Respect Movement played a crucial role in advocating for social reforms that directly benefited women. Their opposition to child marriage and efforts to raise awareness about the negative consequences of early marriage contributed to a decline in child marriage rates. The movement's campaigns against dowry helped in challenging the practice and raising awareness about its harmful effects.
3. Women's Political Participation: The movement actively encouraged women's participation in politics and public life. It provided platforms for women to voice their concerns and aspirations, and many women actively engaged in the movement as leaders and activists. The Self-Respect Movement's efforts paved the way for increased political representation of women in Tamil Nadu, with women leaders emerging from marginalized backgrounds.
4. Women's Rights Advocacy: The movement's strong advocacy for women's rights helped in raising awareness about gender equality and challenging patriarchal norms. It played a significant role in creating a discourse around women's rights and addressing issues such as gender-based discrimination and violence. The movement's emphasis on women's self-respect and dignity contributed to a changing societal mindset.
5. Cultural Assertion: The Self-Respect Movement's emphasis on Tamil culture and language also had an impact on women's empowerment. By promoting Tamil culture and literature, the movement challenged the dominance of Brahminical culture and provided a platform for women to express their cultural identity and assert their rights.
These milestones demonstrate the significant contributions made by the Self-Respect Movement in advancing women's empowerment in Tamil Nadu. While challenges persisted, the movement's efforts paved the way for subsequent progress and influenced the social, political, and cultural landscape of the region.
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The caste system in India is one of the world’s oldest forms of surviving social stratification1. It divides Hindus into rigid hierarchical groups based on their karma (work) and dharma (duty), and is generally accepted to be more than 3,000 years old1.
The system consists of four main categories:
Brahmins: Mainly teachers and intellectuals, believed to have come from Brahma’s head1.
Kshatriyas: Warriors and rulers, supposedly from his arms1.
Vaishyas: Traders, who were created from his thighs1.
Shudras: Did all the menial jobs, who came from Brahma’s feet1.
Many believe that these groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation1. The main castes were further divided into about 3,000 castes and 25,000 sub-castes, each based on their specific occupation1. Outside of this Hindu caste system were the achhoots - the Dalits or the untouchables1.
For centuries, caste has dictated almost every aspect of Hindu religious and social life, with each group occupying a specific place in this complex hierarchy1. Rural communities have long been arranged on the basis of castes - the upper and lower castes almost always lived in segregated colonies, the water wells were not shared, Brahmins would not accept food or drink from the Shudras, and one could marry only within one’s caste1.
The system bestowed many privileges on the upper castes while sanctioning repression of the lower castes by privileged groups1. Often criticised for being unjust and regressive, it remained virtually unchanged for centuries, trapping people into fixed social orders from which it was impossible to escape1.
Despite the obstacles, however, some Dalits and other low-caste Indians have risen to hold prestigious positions in the country1. Historians say that until the 18th Century, the formal distinctions of caste were of limited importance to Indians, social identities were much more flexible and people could move easily from one caste to another1. New research shows that hard boundaries were set by British colonial rulers who made caste India’s defining social feature when they used censuses to simplify the system1.
अधिक जानें:
1. bbc.com2. en.wikipedia.org3. clearias.com
The caste system continues to have a significant impact on people’s lives in India today, despite being officially abolished in 19501. Here are some ways it affects people:
Marriages: Most Indian marriages are arranged by parents, and one’s caste is a significant factor. People often do not want their children to marry a person from another caste2.
Education: Public universities have caste-based reservations for students coming from underprivileged backgrounds. A person from this background can secure a seat in a top-tier college with par or below par academic scores based on reservation2.
Jobs: A significant amount of public sector jobs are allocated based on caste reservation2.
In rural areas, movement out of caste specializing occupations and access to resources is still difficult, but in urban areas, people can pursue their desired job without considering their caste3. However, the system creates intense vulnerability for those disadvantaged by its structure1. While discrimination based on the caste system is now illegal, it is still widely practiced1.
अधिक जानें:
1. timesmojo.com2. borgenproject.org3. u.osu.edu
*Indeed, both Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and E.V. Ramasamy, popularly known as Periyar, were complex figures who made significant contributions to social reform movements in India12.
Dr. Ambedkar, a jurist, economist, politician and social reformer, campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables (Dalits) and supported the rights of women and labor1. He was the principal architect of the Constitution of India1.
Periyar, a social activist and politician, started the Self-Respect Movement and Dravidar Kazhagam. He worked towards the eradication of caste and religious differences, and promoted rational thinking1.
Their intellectual comradeship was evident in their shared commitment to challenging the caste system1. Despite their differences, they found common ground in their advocacy for the rights of Dalits and Shudras1. They both challenged the hegemony of Brahmins and upper castes in politics, culture, and religion3.
Their work continues to inspire those drawn to their worldviews, particularly those who have been wounded by the caste order1. Their legacies live on in the social reform movements they spearheaded2.
अधिक जानें:
1. forwardpress.in2. frontline.thehindu.com3. thewire.in4. forwardpress.in
Affirmative action policy is a policy aimed at increasing workplace and educational opportunities for people who are underrepresented in various areas of our society. It focuses on demographics such as race, ethnicity, gender, disability, and other factors that may have historically disadvantaged certain groups¹. Affirmative action policy can involve methods such as quotas, preferences, outreach, and positive discrimination². Affirmative action policy is controversial and has been challenged in courts and legislatures in different countries². Some argue that affirmative action policy promotes diversity and social justice, while others argue that it creates reverse discrimination and lowers standards³.
स्रोत:
(1) Affirmative action | Definition, History, & Cases | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/affirmative-action.
(2) Affirmative action - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action.
(3) What Is Affirmative Action? How It Works and Example - Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/affirmative-action.asp.
Some of the arguments for affirmative action are:
- Affirmative action allows for fair evaluation of candidates by making up for existing social inequalities. Some groups have faced historical and structural disadvantages that limit their access to education and employment opportunities. Affirmative action aims to compensate for these barriers and create a more level playing field¹.
- Affirmative action promotes diversity and inclusion in society. A diverse student body or workforce can enhance the learning and working environment by exposing people to different perspectives, cultures, and experiences. Diversity can also foster creativity, innovation, and problem-solving skills¹²³.
- Affirmative action contributes to social justice and racial equity. Affirmative action can help reduce the racial wealth gap, which is a result of centuries of discrimination and oppression. Affirmative action can also increase the representation and leadership of marginalized groups in various sectors and institutions, which can empower them and challenge stereotypes²³.
अधिक जानें:
1. stateuniversity.com2. theflag.org3. gse.harvard.edu
स्रोत:
(1) Arguments For and Against Affirmative Action - State University. https://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/Affirmative-Action-Arguments-For-and-Against.html.
(2) Affirmative Action Pros and Cons: What Both Sides Think. https://theflag.org/glossary/affirmative-action-pros-and-cons-what-both-sides-think/.
(3) The Case for Affirmative Action - Harvard Graduate School of Education. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/ideas/usable-knowledge/18/07/case-affirmative-action.
Some of the arguments against affirmative action are:
- Affirmative action is unfair to judge applicants on anything other than their merits. It can disadvantage qualified individuals who belong to the majority or non-preferred groups, and create resentment and reverse discrimination¹²³⁴⁵.
- Affirmative action still reinforces stereotypes and stigma. It can imply that the beneficiaries of affirmative action are not capable or deserving of their positions, and that they need special treatment to succeed¹²³⁴⁵.
- Affirmative action can lower standards and efficiency. It can compromise the quality and performance of institutions by prioritizing diversity over competence and merit. It can also discourage excellence and hard work among the preferred groups, as they may rely on affirmative action instead of their own abilities¹²³⁴⁵.
- Affirmative action is not a permanent or effective solution. It can create a culture of dependency and entitlement among the preferred groups, and fail to address the root causes of inequality and discrimination. It can also be abused or manipulated by political or economic interests¹²³⁴⁵.
स्रोत:
(1) How Valid Are The Arguments Against Affirmative Action? - Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomaspremuzic/2021/04/05/how-valid-are-the-arguments-against-affirmative-action/.
(2) Affirmative Action Pros and Cons: What Both Sides Think. https://theflag.org/glossary/affirmative-action-pros-and-cons-what-both-sides-think/.
(3) 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Affirmative Action. https://vittana.org/12-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-affirmative-action.
(4) 18 Affirmative Action Pros and Cons (2023) - Helpful Professor. https://helpfulprofessor.com/affirmative-action-pros-and-cons/.
(5) Arguments For and Against Affirmative Action - State University. https://www.stateuniversity.com/blog/permalink/Affirmative-Action-Arguments-For-and-Against.html.
(6) Support & Opposition · Connecticut College. https://www.conncoll.edu/employment/affirmative-action/support--opposition/.
बुत मरते नहीं ▶️
छत्तीसगढ़ हरिभूमि दैनिक से जुड़े पत्रकार की किताब है।पत्रकारिता की अपनी विशिष्ट शैली के लिए जाने जाने वाले वरिष्ठ पत्रकार और हरिभूमि के संपादक समन्वयक, ब्रह्मवीर सिंह के उपन्यास ‘बुत मरते नहीं’ का 21 सितंबर को विमोचन हुआ।
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