💥: According to a recent report, DPIs have not just impacted governance but also the private sector, especially startups.
Key details:
- It has a symbiotic relationship with the startup ecosystem adding over $100 billion in value across multiple sectors of the Indian Internet economy.
- The landscape is currently expanding beyond the JAM trinity:
- Jan Dhan,
- Aadhaar, and
- Mobile.
- It has properties such as:
- Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA),
- DigiLocker 2.0,
- Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC),
- Account Aggregator (AA),
- Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (Diksha) among others.
- The availability of zero merchant discount rates (MDR) have boosted the popularity of UPI in the e-commerce space.
- The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant payment system developed in India, by the National Payments Corporation of India.
- The interface facilitates inter-bank peer-to-peer and person-to-merchant transactions.
- It is used on mobile devices to instantly transfer funds between two bank accounts.
- Mobility accounts for 65 per cent of the e-commerce payments with foodtech following closely at 50 percent and e-tailing at 35 percent.
- Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) itself could generate a Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) ranging from $250-300 billion by 2030.
- The evolving DPI landscape has also boosted gaming monetisation by 20-25 per cent, bringing in $27 billion in transaction value to the online gaming industry.
What is digital public infrastructure (DPI)?
- DPI is a digital network that enables countries to safely and efficiently deliver economic opportunities and social services to all residents.
- DPI can be compared to roads, which form a physical network that connects people and provides access to a huge range of goods and services.
- DPI allows people to open bank accounts and receive wages faster and more easily.
- It allows governments to support citizens more quickly and efficiently, especially during emergencies.
- It enables entrepreneurs to reach customers far and wide.
- A strong DPI has three foundational systems:
- Identity:
- Being able to prove who you are—using a legal form of identity—enables a person to fully participate in society and the economy.
- Yet some 850 million people around the world do not have official proof of their identity.
- A digital identity allows people to access a wide range of goods and services, including bank accounts and lines of credit, supplies and markets for their businesses, and government benefits.
- Payments:
- A rise in digital payment platforms has allowed millions of people, especially women, to conduct secure financial transactions without cash for the first time.
- However, 1.4 billion people still do not have a financial account.
- Secure and interoperable digital payment systems can help close this gap.
- Data exchange:
- A data exchange system allows data to be shared between otherwise unconnected institutions in ways that benefit people, while also giving individuals more control over their data and helping them make informed decisions about its use.
- Identity:
Benefits of DPI:
- Individuals:
- Individuals benefit because they can safely and cheaply receive wages, pay bills, access services, and conduct transaction.
- For India, which has one of the most advanced DPIs in the world.
- In a little over 10 years after launching its digital identity system, the number of adults with bank accounts more than doubled, to 78%, and women’s account ownership grew even faster, from 26% to 78%.
- Businesses:
- Businesses benefit because DPI stimulates the market.
- Digital service providers have equal opportunity to compete and reach new customers and markets, and entrepreneurs can use the infrastructure to innovate and launch new businesses.
- Through DPI, an estimated 16 to 19 million microbusinesses and small businesses globally could gain access to capital to support sustained growth.
- Government:
- Governments benefit because they can provide essential services to every resident.
- For example, Estonia’s X-Road digital infrastructure enables the government to provide 99% of public services online.
- Services are so efficient that a person can file taxes in under five minutes and register a business in just three hours.
DPI and Sustainable Development Goals:
- DPI reduces inequality:
- It does so by making it easier for the public and private sectors to expand banking, credit, and payment services, especially to women and others who have traditionally been left behind.
- DPI promotes health and well-being:
- A child who gets a legal form of identity at birth that is linked via a data exchange system to clinics and pharmacies can receive better health care over a lifetime.
- Aggregated health data can help providers share information to improve patient care, and governments can better track illness and disease across communities.
- DPI promotes sustainable and inclusive economic growth:
- Small landholder farmers and rural entrepreneurs can access:
- global weather forecasting data,
- digital early warning systems, and
- digital payments.
- With this they can:
- better plan their cropping cycles,
- protect against pests and weather shocks, and
- find new markets.
- The increases in their crop yields can, in turn, improve their income while reducing food insecurity in the community.
- Small landholder farmers and rural entrepreneurs can access:
💢Digital democracy in India is a rapidly evolving field. India is considered a leader among digital democracies. The country has showcased not only how technology can be used but also how to effectively curb its adverse impact and misuse.Digital democracy in India encompasses all the opportunities and challenges of asserting sovereignty for nation states.
India is building bigger and better digital public infrastructure at scale than any other democracy in the world.Two out of five transactions in India are estimated to be using digital tools, and this is set to rise exponentially in the next few years. Whether in financial technology or identity architecture, India is leading the way.
However, there are still challenges to overcome. Despite the advancements, nearly 700 million people, or roughly 50% of the population, still have no access to the internet. This digital divide is mainly due to a lack of sufficient infrastructure in rural areas.There are also gender disparities in internet usage, with an average of only 42.6% of women having ever used the internet in India, compared to an average of 62.16% of men.
Here are some examples of digital democracy in India:
Digital Sansad: The Ministry of Electronics & IT is developing Digital Sansad, a hi-tech platform that will empower and connect MPs, Parliament, Citizens & Government1. This platform is envisioned as a ‘one-stop, seamless, paperless & a sophisticated platform’ that will continue to evolve, modernize and innovate over time1. The first version shall be rolled out in 140 days followed by version 2 by 12 months and version 3, thereafter1.
2019 Election Campaign: The most recent election saw a dramatic escalation in digital campaigning, both official and organically across social media2. Digital tools were used to engage with India’s huge and diverse electorate2.
Aarogya Setu and Umang Apps: The Government of India launched initiatives like the contact-tracing app Aarogya Setu, the government e-services app Umang, the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) among others to address the pandemic3.
C-Governance: Social media has led to the emergence of citizen-led governance (C–governance) in India. Social media platforms help to create awareness from one another to a million and be united for any social cause4.
These examples show how technology is being used to enhance democratic processes in India.
अधिक जानें:
1. pib.gov.in2. blogs.lse.ac.uk3. timesofindia.indiatimes.com4. drishtiias.com5. newindianexpress.com
Here are some other digital initiatives by the Indian government:
Aadhaar: Aadhaar provides a 12-digit biometric and demographic-based identity that is unique, lifelong, online, and authenticable1. Over 135.5 crore residents have been enrolled1.
Common Services Centres (CSCs): CSCs are offering government and business services in digital mode in rural areas through Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs). Over 400 digital services are being offered by these CSCs. So far, 5.21 Lakh CSCs are functional (including urban & rural areas) across the country, out of which, 4.14 Lakh CSCs are functional at Gram Panchayat level1.
India BPO Promotion Scheme (IBPS) and North East BPO Promotion Scheme (NEBPS): These schemes aim to create employment opportunities and disperse the Information Technology and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) industry in small cities and towns by incentivising the setting up of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and ITES operations by providing financial support of up to ₹ 1 lakh per seat in the form of viability gap funding towards capital and operational expenditures1.
AI Initiatives: In 2020, the Indian government increased the outlay for Digital India to $477 million to boost AI, IoT, big data, cybersecurity, machine learning, and robotics2.
These initiatives show how the Indian government is leveraging digital technologies to improve the lives of its citizens, expand India’s digital economy, create investment and employment opportunities, and build digital technological capabilities in India1.
अधिक जानें:
1. pib.gov.in2. analyticsindiamag.com3. ibef.org4. bing.com5. government.economictimes.indiatimes.com6. economictimes.indiatimes.com
Common Service Centres (CSCs) are an initiative of the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY), Government of India1. They are physical facilities for delivering Government of India e-Services to rural and remote locations where availability of computers and Internet was negligible or mostly absent2. They are multiple-services-single-point model for providing facilities for multiple transactions at a single geographical location2.
CSCs are the access points for delivery of essential public utility services, social welfare schemes, healthcare, financial, education and agriculture services, apart from host of B2C services to citizens in rural and remote areas of the country2. It is a pan-India network catering to regional, geographic, linguistic and cultural diversity of the country, thus enabling the Government’s mandate of a socially, financially and digitally inclusive society2.
As of May 23, there were 5,21,150 functional CSCs across India. Out of these, 4,13,999 were functional in rural areas and 1,07,151 were functional in urban areas3. Over 400 digital services are being offered by these CSCs2.
The objectives of the CSC have been stated as follows2:
Access to information: all remote/rural citizens
Delivery of public services – G2C & B2C
ICT for rural Empowerment
Access to quality education/skill upgradation
Access to cost efficient & quality health services
The types of services expected to be provided at the CSCs include G2C Communication (Government to Consumer), Information dissemination, Edutainment (including multi-functional space for group interaction, entertainment, training and empowerment), eGovernance & eServices (Transactions like Market Information, Banking, Insurance, Travel, eForms to request government services), C2G Kiosk (Grievances, complaints, requests and suggestions), Financial Inclusion (Payment for NREGA), Healthcare (Telemedicine & remote health camps have also been envisaged as part of the CSC’s extended functionalities), Agriculture Rural BPO IRCTC ticket Booking Online Bill Payments Telelaw2.
अधिक जानें:
To become a Village Level Entrepreneur (VLE), you need to follow these steps:
Eligibility: Ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria, which include being an Indian citizen above 18 years of age, possessing a valid Aadhaar card, and having a minimum educational qualification of 10th grade or equivalent1.
Online Application: Visit the official CSC portal and navigate to the VLE registration section1. The registration process is simple and free of cost2. Just fill in your details and join the CSC network2.
Rural Entrepreneurship: By becoming a VLE, you will be able to work on the Digital Seva Portal and will be able to deliver various government and non-government services2.
View Credentials: After successful registration and QC, you will be entitled to receive DigiMail and Digital Seva credentials2. You can view your credentials on the CSC portal2.
Track Application: All the applications undergo a Quality check mechanism. You may keep track of the status of your application on the CSC portal2.
Remember, a good VLE not only has strong entrepreneurial traits and social commitment but also financial stability. He/she commands credibility and respect in the community3.
अधिक जानें:
Financial Independence: As a VLE, you can earn income by providing various services to the rural population1.
Entrepreneurial Skills: You will have the opportunity to develop and hone your entrepreneurial skills1.
Community Leadership: VLEs often become leaders in their communities, helping to bring essential services to their neighbors1.
Digital Literacy: You will gain digital literacy skills, which are increasingly important in today’s digital world1.
Career Advancement: Being a VLE can open up new career opportunities for you1.
Empowerment: VLEs play a crucial role in empowering their communities by providing access to important services1.
These benefits make becoming a VLE an attractive option for many people, especially those in rural areas1.
अधिक जानें:
Estonia is sometimes referred to as a "digital democracy", and has a reputation for digital government.
Here are some of the hottest Estonia-based startups to watch in 2021, 2022 and 2023:
* **2021:**
* **Cure.fit:** A health and fitness startup that provides online and offline fitness classes, diet plans and medical advice.
* **OYO Rooms:** A hotel booking platform that lists over 100,000 hotels in India and across the world.
* **Zomato:** An online food delivery platform that lists over 100,000 restaurants in India and across the world.
* **2022:**
* **Jumio:** An identity verification company providing biometric and digital identity verification solutions.
* **Monese:** A digital bank serving over 5 million customers in over 10 countries.
* **TransferWise:** A financial services company providing international money transfers, foreign currency exchange and bank accounts.
* **2023:**
* **Bolt:** A shared ride service that provides over 50 million rides in over 30 countries.
* **Vinted:** An online fashion marketplace that connects over 45 million users.
* **Wolt:** A delivery service that delivers food, groceries and other items to over 10 million customers in over 30 countries.
These are just a few examples of how many exciting startups are in Estonia's capital, Tallinn. The city has an active startup ecosystem, and there are many opportunities that give entrepreneurs a chance to try their luck and succeed.
Estonia and Estonians have made significant progress in digital innovation, robot erc
and In Estonia's capital, Tallinn is now a global leader in digital innovation.
Skype's success has inspired Estonians to create and support new startups in the fields of communications, artificial intelligence, fintech and cyber security. Tallinn has an active, well-connected and supportive startup ecosystem, with many co-working spaces, incubators, accelerators, events and networks that help startups grow and scale.
Many Western countries are experiencing labor shortages, especially in hospitality, nursing and industry. Robots can reduce the workload and help overcome the labor shortage. However, the robot still has some limitations. They are still nowhere near human-level intelligence or mobility, and they can be expensive.
In Estonia's capital, Tallinn, delivery robots deliver packages and groceries to customers' front doors. Compared to human couriers, it has both advantages and disadvantages. Delivery robots can work 24/7 and they can be more efficient than human couriers. They can tolerate even bad weather conditions. However, they are still limited. They may not be able to carry large packages or heavy objects, and they may not be able to navigate complex terrain.
Overall, it is an exciting time to live in the digital age. Estonia and Estonians have made significant progress in digital innovation, and Tallinn, Estonia is now a global leader in digital innovation. Robots can reduce workload and help overcome labor shortage, but they are still bound by some limitations.
Estonia has a high quality education system that produces many engineers, programmers and designers. It also attracts talent from abroad with its e-residency program, visa schemes and startup culture.
Estonia is also known as a digital country, and is at the forefront of the world when it comes to digital innovation. Many government services are available online in the city, and citizens have the facility to do their work online.
Living in the digital age is an exciting time. Estonia and Estonians have made significant progress in digital innovation, and Tallinn, Estonia is now a global leader in digital innovation.
Estonians can do all their government services digitally, such as voting, filing taxes and starting a business. Estonia has also made significant progress in the fields of e-health, e-education and e-government.
Estonia's digital innovations have brought many benefits to the country, including:
* Increased efficiency and productivity
* Less cost
* Improved transparency and accountability
* Better Citizen Services
* Increased Competition
* Better quality of life
Estonia's digital innovations are an inspiration to other countries.
Some examples of digital innovations from Estonia are:
* E-voting: Estonians have been able to vote for their government online since 2005.
* E-tax: Estonians can file and pay their taxes online.
* E-Business: Estonians can start their government online business.
* e-Health: Estonians can access their health care records online.
* E-learning: Estonian children can participate in online courses.
* E-Government: Estonians can access all their government services online.
Estonia's digital innovations have made the country a global leader. Estonia's digital innovations have helped countries around the world become more digitally efficient and accountable.
Estonia's digital future is bright, and the city of Tallinn is at the center of it. There are many startups and entrepreneurs in the city who are developing new and innovative technologies. Estonia is set to become a major player in the digital world, and the city of Tallinn is leading the way.
#E- democracy Estonia
#E-governance Estonia
#Living in the digital age of Estonia
#Progress of Estonia and the Estonian people.
#Estonia's capital, Tallinn,
#Estonia Digital innovation and the use of highly efficient robots
Citizen science is a way of involving the public in scientific research, whether it is community-driven or global. There are many benefits of participating in citizen science, such as learning new skills, contributing to scientific knowledge, and addressing real-world problems.
There are many ways you can get involved in citizen science, depending on your interests, abilities, and availability. Here are some suggestions:
- You can browse through the list of citizen science projects on the [NASA website](^2^) and choose one that appeals to you. You can find projects related to the universe, the solar system, the sun, the earth, and space experiments. Some projects can be done with just a cellphone or laptop, while others may require additional equipment or training.
- You can also explore the [Zooniverse platform], which hosts hundreds of citizen science projects from various fields and disciplines. You can help classify images, transcribe texts, analyze data, and more. You can also create your own project using the Project Builder tool.
- You can join the [Citizen Science Association](^3^), which is a network of educators, scientists, data managers, and other professionals who support and promote citizen science. You can access resources, events, publications, and opportunities to connect with other citizen scientists and experts.
- You can also look for local citizen science initiatives in your area or start your own. You can use tools such as [SciStarter] or [CitSci.org] to find or create projects that address issues that matter to you and your community.
These are some of the ways you can get involved in citizen science. I hope you find them helpful and inspiring.
#citizen science
Learn more:
(1) Citizen Science | Science Mission Directorate. https://science.nasa.gov/citizenscience.
(2) Citizen Science Association : Home. https://citizenscience.org/.
(3) Citizen science - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_science.
Citizen-generated data is a type of data that is produced by people or their organizations to directly monitor, demand, or drive change on issues that affect them. It is different from official data that is collected by governments or international institutions. Citizen-generated data can provide direct representations of people's perspectives and an alternative to datasets that may not capture their realities or needs.
Citizen-generated data can be produced for various purposes, such as:
- Monitoring the implementation and impact of policies and programs, especially those related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
- Advocating for social justice, human rights, and environmental protection.
- Participating in citizen science, community-driven research, or crowdsourcing initiatives.
- Improving personal health, well-being, and lifestyle choices.
Citizen-generated data can be collected using various methods and tools, such as:
- Smartphones, health devices, internet of medical things, online activity, environmental tracking, and direct-to-consumer tests.
- Surveys, interviews, focus groups, participatory mapping, storytelling, and photo-voice.
- Social media, online forums, blogs, wikis, and podcasts.
Citizen-generated data can have many benefits, such as:
- Empowering individuals and communities to have a voice and a stake in the issues that matter to them.
- Providing timely, relevant, and contextualized information that complements official data sources.
- Enhancing the quality, diversity, and accessibility of data for decision making and accountability.
- Fostering innovation, collaboration, and learning among different stakeholders.
Citizen-generated data can also face some challenges, such as:
- Ensuring the validity, reliability, comparability, and representativeness of the data.
- Protecting the privacy, security, and ownership of the data and the data producers.
- Addressing the ethical, legal, and social implications of the data collection and use.
- Building the capacity, resources, and infrastructure to support the data production and utilization.
Citizen-generated data is an emerging and evolving field that offers many opportunities and challenges for sustainable development. It requires the participation and partnership of all stakeholders, including governments, civil society, private sector, and individuals. By working together, we can harness the power of citizen-generated data to make a positive difference in our world.
Learn more:
(1) Citizen-Generated Data: Data by people, for people. https://www.iisd.org/articles/insight/citizen-generated-data-people.
(2) What is citizen generated data? - PHG Foundation. https://www.phgfoundation.org/briefing/what-is-citizen-generated-data.
(3) Making Use Of Citizen-Generated Data - data4sdgs.org. https://www.data4sdgs.org/resources/making-use-citizen-generated-data.
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https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/generative-AI
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